Hammer toe and claw toe are two types of foot deformities that affect the toes, causing them to bend in abnormal positions. Although both conditions share similarities, such as causing discomfort and pain, there are distinct differences between the two, including toe bending patterns and the specific muscles and tendons involved. An experienced podiatrist can help you understand the differences and provide an accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. 
Differences Between Hammer Toe and Claw Toe
Hammer toe is a condition characterized by an abnormal bending of one or more toes, typically the second, third, or fourth toes. This deformity causes the affected toe to resemble a hammer, with the middle joint bent downward and the end joint pointing upward. The primary cause of hammer toe is an imbalance in the muscles and tendons that control the toe's movement.
Causes of Hammer Toe Muscle and Tendon Imbalance
- Genetics
- Wearing ill-fitting shoes
- Foot structure abnormalities
- Medical conditions, such as arthritis
Over time, the condition may become more severe, leading to stiffness and restricted movement in the affected toe.
Like hammer toe, claw toe is a toe deformity. A primary difference from hammer toe is the joint that is affected. Claw toe involves all three joints and causes the toe to bend in a claw-like shape. Unlike hammer toe, which primarily affects the middle joint, claw toe involves the bending of the middle and end joints simultaneously. This gives the toe a claw-like appearance, with the joints bent upward.
Possible Causes of Claw Toe
- Muscle imbalances
- Nerve damage
- Medical conditions, such as peripheral neuropathy or Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
- Wearing shoes that are too tight or narrow, forcing the toes into an unnatural position over time
Similarities Between Hammer Toe and Claw Toe
- Pain
- Discomfort
- Difficulties walking and wearing shoes
Both conditions can also lead to problems, such as corns, calluses, and the development of open sores or ulcers, particularly in those with poor circulation or a loss of sensation in their feet.
Texas Treatments for Hammer Toe and Claw Toe
If you are experiencing pain or have signs of either hammer toe or claw toe, consult a podiatrist for an evaluation. To accurately diagnose either condition, a podiatrist will conduct a physical exam and may order imaging tests such as an X-ray to confirm the diagnosis.
Conservative Treatment Options for Hammer Toe and Claw Toe
- Footwear modifications. Wearing shoes with a wide toe box, low heels, and ample arch support can help alleviate pressure on the toes and promote proper alignment.
- Toe exercises and stretches. Regularly performing exercises and stretches to strengthen and stretch the muscles and tendons in the toes can help improve flexibility and reduce symptoms.
- Custom orthotics. Wearing custom orthotics inside your shoes can provide support and relieve pressure on the affected toes.
- Padding and taping. Using special pads or cushions and applying tape to the toes can help alleviate pain and prevent friction or rubbing against footwear.
- Over-the-counter pain medication. Over-the-counter pain medication can be used to help reduce pain and inflammation in the toes.
Surgery as a Treatment for Hammer Toe and Claw Toe
In cases where non-surgical treatments are ineffective, or the deformity is severe, surgical intervention may be necessary. The specific surgical procedure will depend on the severity and complexity of the deformity, as well as your overall health and lifestyle. Surgery for hammer toe or claw toe may involve releasing or lengthening the tight tendons and ligaments, removing or repositioning a bone, or fusing joints to correct the toe alignment. The goal of surgery is to reduce pain, rebalance the toe, and make it possible to fit back into your shoes without discomfort.
Recovery from hammer toe or claw toe surgery typically involves a period of immobilization and the use of assistive devices, such as crutches or a walking boot. Your podiatrist may recommend physical therapy to regain strength and flexibility in the foot.
