There are various root causes of the foot and ankle conditions we frequently see. Hallux rigidus is one that may stem from either structural or biomechanical roots. No matter how your condition has developed, it is important to understand what it is, the associated symptoms, and how Austin Foot and Ankle Specialists can treat it for you.

What Is Hallux Rigidus?

At the base of the big toe is a joint known as the metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ), which is the location of this condition that leads to stiffness and pain. In time, it becomes increasingly difficult to bend your big toe, until it becomes completely rigid.

As with certain other foot conditions, this one is progressive, which means that it will worsen with time and not improve on its own. In early stages, before the range of motion is quite limited, the condition is known as “hallux limitus.” If it helps, think of the difference between something like a spring clothespin that has limited movement and a one-piece straight one that won’t bend at all.

Causes of a Stiff Big Toe

There are two primary causes for this condition: structural abnormalities and faulty biomechanics. An example of a structural abnormality is having fallen arches. Going hand-in-hand with flat feet is overpronation, which is a faulty biomechanical process that makes an individual more susceptible to this condition. Flat feet and overpronation both lead to osteoarthritis (think “wear and tear” version of arthritis), which results in the stiffness in the MTPJ.

For some individuals, the condition is due to an inherited foot structure, and they are simply more prone to it. For others, it happens as a result of overuse, particularly for those who work in jobs that place excessive stress on the big toe. Workers who frequently squat or stoop, or those who play catcher in baseball or softball, are more at risk for a stiff big toe. Other causes include injury and inflammatory diseases (gout, rheumatoid arthritis, etc.)

Hallux Rigidus Symptoms

Initial symptoms of this problem include:

  • Stiffness and pain that accompanies your big toe during standing, bending, and walking
  • Increased pain and stiffness during damp, cold weather
  • Difficulty performing certain physical activities like squatting and running
  • Inflammation and swelling around the MTPJ

As the condition becomes more progressive, symptoms become more severe, including:

  • Pain and swelling that happens during rest (instead of only being triggered by activity)
  • The development of bone spurs leading to difficulty being able to wear shoes
  • Dull pain felt in your hip, knee, and/or lower back on account of changes to your gait
  • Pronounced limping when you walk

Non-Surgical Treatment

Early treatment for hallux rigidus can help to postpone and, in some cases, event prevent the need for surgery to correct the condition. Conservative treatment measures include:

  • Shoe modifications. As with many other foot conditions, shoes that offer a wide, deep toe box will help by keeping pressure off of the affected toe. Rocker-bottom soles might also prove to be beneficial.
  • Orthotic devices. Our office can provide customized orthotic devices to improve your foot function and redistribute the pressure on your affected toe.
  • Medications. When it comes to dealing with the pain and inflammation that can accompany this condition, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be recommended. As always, be sure to check with us first to ensure your safety.
  • Injection therapy. We may look to reduce your pain and inflammation through the use of corticosteroid injections.
  • Physical therapy. In order to achieve temporary relief, physical or ultrasound therapy might be an effective course of treatment.

When Is Surgery Necessary for Hallux Rigidus?

If you have continued pain in spite of the non-invasive treatments above, you may require surgery to reduce or eliminate it. There are various procedures that may be used, but we will discuss these options with you and take into consideration such factors as age and activity levels.

Are You Looking for a Foot Care Doctor in Austin, TX?

If you are looking for foot care, you should reach out to an experienced podiatristAustin Foot and Ankle Specialists can help. Our office provides a wide variety of advanced, effective treatment options for all kinds of painful conditions. Ready to schedule an appointment? Contact us online or call our Austin office at 512.328.8900.